日本蘑菇清单 | 你需要了解的7种日本蘑菇!

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Mushrooms are one of the most essential ingredients in Japanese cuisine. There is not just one type of mushroom; there is a wide range of variety that you can choose from. I love mushrooms and how versatile they are. 

Using them in different dishes can really elevate the taste and add the Japanese umami flavor. 

I have tried to put together some of the most popular and the most delicious Japanese mushrooms on this list. I hope you can find your next favorite Japanese ingredient for almost all of your dishes.

What are mushrooms?

Mushrooms are a part of the fungus family. To be more specific, a mushroom is the fleshy and fruity form of a fungus. While all mushrooms are fungi, not all fungi are mushrooms. A mushroom usually comes with stems and caps and they also have gills. 

Gills are nothing but the little frills that we see on the underside of the mushroom’s cap. These gills are used to produce spores, which help us produce more fungi.

Also Read: List of Japanese mushrooms

List of Japanese Mushrooms — Quick Summary

日本蘑菇清单	Nutrients	Health Benefits
Shiitake	Vitamin B Phosphorus Vitamin D Potassium	Helps lower cholesterol antiviral effect
Maitake	Antioxidants fiber vitamin D potassium	Helps lower blood sugar helps boost immune system
Eryngii	Carbohydrates protein vitamin B3 Vitamin D	can help prevent tumor and cancer helps to improve blood stimulation
Enoki	iron protein copper Vitamin D	helps balance the sugar level can relieve constipation
Matsutake	Vitamin B3 vitamin D copper potassium	helps improve the immune system promotes the circulatory system
Nameko	Vitamin B copper potassium calcium	helps lower cholesterol helps to increase resistance against staph infections
Shimeji	zinc vitamin B protein copper	enhances metabolism lowers cholesterol

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日本蘑菇清单

Shiitake

One of the most common types of Mushrooms that is known worldwide is shiitake. The name of this mushroom comes from the tree on whose dead logs they grow. Shiitake is known to be extremely healthy and it is packed with nutrients. Look wise, they have large brown caps that range from tan to dark in colour. The stems of shiitake mushrooms are white.

Shiitake mushrooms have a very smoky flavor that I absolutely enjoy. When I am preparing shiitake mushrooms at home, I love adding them to soups and stir-fries. You can find shiitake in both its dried and fresh form. 

If you are using the dried version of this mushroom, make sure that you soak it for several hours before you are ready to cook it. Before putting the mushrooms in a dish, make sure to dry them completely. If you want to buy fresh shiitake, always check the stems for their tenderness. If the stems are tender, you can leave them on the mushroom. The tougher ones should be removed and can be used to make soup stock.

The versatile shiitake mushrooms are extremely aromatic. I also immensely enjoy the chewy and dense texture and because of this, this can be used as a meat substitute.

Nutrients in shiitake mushrooms:

• Vitamin B 
• Phosphorus 
• Vitamin D 
• Potassium

Health benefits:

• Helps lower cholesterol 
• antiviral effect 
• Helps stimulate immune cells 
• Helps to prevent tumor and cancer

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Maitake

My talking is a very funny looking mushroom that is quite popular in Japan. In English, the name of this mushroom translates to “dancing mushroom”. However, do not go by its funny appearance; it is an absolute delicacy that is also very healthy. 

These mushrooms are found in Japanese hardwood forests. As opposed to the texture of shiitake mushrooms, Maitake mushrooms have a soft texture. Also, you will not find the usual squeakiness that is one of the major characteristics of several mushrooms. 

The mushrooms have a white tough base that grows into several feathery leaves. You do not need a knife to pull them apart; you can simply use your fingers to pull it out. I absolutely enjoyed the strong flavour of this mushroom. It has a very early and spicy flavour that makes it the perfect ingredient for sauteing. I also love using these mushrooms for simmering and roasting.

Nutrients in Maitake mushrooms:

• Antioxidants 
• fiber 
• vitamin D 
• potassium 
• 维生素C 
• copper

Health benefits:

• Helps lower blood sugar 
• helps boost immune system 
• promotes heart health 
• Helps in weight loss

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Eryngii

These mushrooms are also known as King trumpet, King oyster, and French horn. These mushrooms are one of the largest oyster mushrooms available. These mushrooms are not only native to Japan but are also grown in other parts of Asia, Mediterranean Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. 

It is quite easy to recognize this type of mushroom. These mushrooms have a meaty, white stem and the brown cap of these mushrooms is relatively smaller in size. If you ever tried these mushrooms raw, you will realize that there is absolutely no flavor or aroma to them. 

However, believe me, when you cook them, they become absolutely healthy and there are a plethora of flavors. I love grilling and broiling these mushrooms, but you can prepare them in several different ways to stop this is especially an extremely perfect option for all of those who are vegetarian and vegan.

Nutrients in Eryngii mushrooms:

• Carbohydrates 
• protein 
• vitamin B3 
• Vitamin D

Health benefits:

• Help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases 
• can help prevent tumor and cancer 
• helps to improve blood stimulation 
• helps with any skin problem

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Enoki

Enoki mushrooms look like little flowers; they are found in clusters and are usually thin, long, and fragile. Enoki mushrooms are one of the most common ingredients used in Japanese dishes. However, they also make very frequent appearances in Korean and Chinese cuisine.

These mushrooms are also known as winter mushrooms because their main season lasts between September and March. Enoki mushrooms can easily be found in any Japanese Supermarket at any time of the year. If you want to know if the mushrooms are fresh or not, always make sure that you look at their stalks and caps. 

If the stalks are slimy and brownish, make sure to avoid them. Always go for Enoki mushrooms that have white and shiny caps because they indicate freshness. I love the crunchy texture of enoki mushroom and the mild and fruity flavour that compliments that texture. I love making healthy soups and salads out of enoki Mushrooms.

Nutrients in enoki mushrooms:

• Fiber 
• vitamin B 
• iron 
• protein 
• copper 
• Vitamin D

Health benefits:

• Can help improve immune system 
• can help with tumor and cancer resistance 
• helps balance the sugar level 
• can relieve constipation

Matsutake

If you love mushrooms, you will probably already know about matsuzaki. This type of mushroom is known especially for its spiciness. These mushrooms grow in Asia, Europe, and North America. However, it can be very difficult for you to find these mushrooms in regular supermarkets. I absolutely love the strong taste and aroma of these mushrooms. 

Nutrients in Matsutake mushrooms:

• Vitamin B3 
• vitamin D 
• copper 
• potassium

Health benefits:

• Increases heart health 
• can help with tumor and cancer resistance 
• helps improve the immune system 
• promotes the circulatory system

Nameko

Nameko mushrooms are found in small clusters with orange caps. They have a gelatinous coating. Nameko is extremely popular in Japan, and now this mushroom has its own mobile game called a Mushroom Garden. 

The mushroom is known for its mildly nutty taste that makes it one of the most important ingredients in Japanese cuisine. These mushrooms are often used in stir-fries and noodles. The cap of the mushroom is slimy and so it is used as a thickener for soups. The slime of the mushroom does not add any flavor to the dish.

Nutrients in namica mushrooms:

• Vitamin B 
• copper 
• potassium 
• calcium

Health benefits:

• Can help improve the immune system 
• helps lower cholesterol 
• helps to increase resistance against staph infections

Shimeji

Shimeji mushrooms are found in different shapes and colors. The taste and texture of all these different variances are the same. The raw mushrooms have a very bitter taste and an unpleasant aroma. However, all of this disappears completely when cooked. 

When used in dishes, the mushrooms give a very crunchy texture and a mild nutty flavor. You can use shimeji mushrooms for any kind of this because they are that versatile. You can use them in stir-fries, soups, hotpots, pasta, and seafood.

Types of shimeji Mushrooms:

• Buna Shimeji
• Bunapi Shimeji
• Hatake Shimeji
• Shirotamogidake

Nutrients in shimeji mushroom:

• Potassium 
• zinc 
• vitamin B 
• protein 
• copper 
• Vitamin D

Health benefits:

• Improve heart health 
• improves immune system 
• enhances metabolism 
• lowers cholesterol

Why are Japanese mushrooms so flavourful?

Mushrooms have an umami flavor. Umami means nothing but the deliciousness of the mushroom; it has a very rich and savory flavor. When you cook Japanese mushrooms, they bring out a very chewy and crispy texture. Many of them have an earthy and woody taste whereas others are mild and sweet.

Facts about Japanese mushrooms

• Out of over 5,000 varieties of mushrooms available in Japan, about 100 varieties can be eaten. 
• Mushrooms are known as kinoko in Japanese. 
• The most common varieties of Mushrooms readily available in the market include Nameko, Shiitake, Matsutake, and Maitake. 
• Mushrooms are known to be one of the most staple ingredients in Japanese cuisine.

Nutritional value of Japanese mushrooms

Japanese mushrooms are known to be highly nutrient-dense and full of excellent health benefits. These mushrooms are an excellent source of vitamin D, potassium, zinc, iron, manganese, and amino acids.

How to choose Japanese mushrooms and how to store them?

When you go to the supermarket to buy mushrooms, make sure that they are dry. There is, however, a difference between dry and withered mushrooms. Never go for mushrooms that look withered. If the mushrooms have been wrapped in plastic, look for any signs of condensation. 

When you are storing your mushrooms, store them in a paper bag. This will prevent the mushrooms from getting too wet or too dry. If you are like me and if you like storing your stock in plastic wrap terms it always helps to poke a few holes. Even with this make sure that you use the mushroom within a few days. Do not wash the mushrooms before storing them; do this only when you are about to use them.

Japanese Mushrooms: FAQs

The best mushrooms for you!

I love mushrooms because they are extremely delicious and versatile. These were some of the most popular Japanese mushrooms that you can get. I would suggest that you try as many of these as possible for foodgasm. 

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